Recent research has demonstrated that the synthetic process of Ag-NPs using leaf extracts such as Polyalthia longifolia, Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), Eucalyptus citriodora (neelagiri), Ficus benghalensis (marri), and Penicillium oxalicum can produce NPs with average size from 16 to 58 nm. These techniques utilize plant extracts, which play a role as effective reducing and stabilizing agents for salt ions to form uniform nanoparticles. Green synthetic techniques have been proposed to overcome these problems due to their positive influence on the environment and ability to produce a large number of high-purity NPs. Unfortunately, such methods face challenges arising from their toxicity and the manufacturing cost. Various techniques have been proposed for the synthesis of Ag-NPs, consisting of physical methods, mechanical methods such as grinding and deformation, and chemical methods. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been widely investigated owing to their great antibacterial ability, even at low concentrations.
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As a result, the nanocomposite promises to be a great biomedical material with high antibacterial properties. Moreover, an impressive antibacterial activity of nanocomposite against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been recorded by using the agar well diffusion method. The obtained results indicate that the structure and morphology of HAp have no significant changes after the incorporation of Ag-NPs on its surface. All the nanocomposites were fully characterized in the solid state via various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), in which the synthesized Ag-NPs (24 nm in diameter) and their homogeneous incorporation on HAp have been studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Herein, we introduce a facile and green approach for the synthesis of poriferous silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) decorated hydroxylapatite nanoparticles with excellent antibacterial properties. In recent years, the green synthesis of nanoparticles via biological processes has attracted considerable attention.